These are all specialized words for different parts of a cow hide. A cow is a big animal and more often than not, you don't need to whole hide. In addition to selling leather by the square foot, we also sell leather by the piece. That means we have to use all sorts of specialized language to easily communicate the general shape, size and properties of a certain part of the hide. Below you'll find images and text that we borrowed from our blog post about leather terminology.
Hide - a leather hide is the whole of an animal’s skin. So, if we’re talking about a cow hide, it’s the full amount of leather that could come from one cow. This hide is then commonly cut into pieces that are characterized by the part of the cow. Be sure to view the chart below for visual help.
Side - a side of leather refers to one side of the hide; half of a vertically cut hide.
Neck - not commonly sold alone, the neck is the skin from a cow’s neck.
Shoulder - one half of the topmost quarter of a hide. So named because it is the skin from a cow’s shoulders. Includes the neck, part of the belly and, of course, the shoulder. If you purchase one side, you will get one shoulder. Also sold as a double shoulder, as seen below.
Belly - also included in a side, the belly is the outermost portion of a side identifiable by its irregular edge. Belly leather is where you will notice wrinkles and less consistent leather. The inconsistent parts are often called flanky, they will be porous, stretchy and not great to work with. Bellies are cheaper than other cuts of leather and are a great way to try out a piece of leather you’re unsure about. It will certainly have some pieces that are not usable, but make great test piece for dyes, paints and tooling. With all of its potential for fault, bellies still have plenty of usable leather. You can easily get great small projects and even a belt or two out of a belly. The leather is the same grade as the rest of the hide, it just has more waste than you would get from other cuts.
Back/Bend/Butt - this the prime real estate of a side. There is a bit of inconsistency about what these pieces are called, however, each name has its meaning.
The back, occasionally referred to as the bend, is comprised of the all parts of a side, not including the belly. A bend at SLC, and most leather companies, will not include the neck.
The lower 60% (toward the back of the cow) or so of this piece is often called the bend or the butt. This interpretation of bend is more commonly used.
Culatta - the bend of the hide + corresponding belly.